OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 1,716 adolescents of a cohort study, aged from 10 to 16 years old sociodemographic, economic, and lifestyle characteristics were obtained from an interview, and birth weight from hospital records. Hypertension was defined as systolic or diastolic blood pressure above the 95th percentile according to the classification recommended by the Second Task Force High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Nutritional status was […]

The present study aimed to systematically review the literature about intima-media thickness (IMT), blood pressure (BP), and lipid profile (LP) in obese and non-obese children and adolescents. The search was carried out in electronic databases (PubMed, Bireme, and Elsevier ScienceDirect) between 2000-2010. The following keywords, in English, were used: “obesity”, “adolescents”, “atherosclerosis” and “child”, using two combinations: obesity+child+atherosclerosis and obesity+adolescents+atherosclerosis. The electronic search resulted in 3,211 manuscripts. After analysis of the inclusion criteria, 13 papers were selected. Of these, two […]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents of different nutritional status. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 582 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Body mass index (BMI) classification of nutritional status was performed using the NCHS growth charts. MetS diagnosis was determined by the presence of three or more risk factors. RESULTS: Overall MetS prevalence was 6.7% (CI: 4.9%-9%); in boys, prevalence was 9.4%; and in girls, 4.1%. MetS prevalence was 17.2% (CI: 10%-28.2%) […]

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to establish the best cutoff values for waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) and HOMA-IR (HR) to identify a cluster (> 3) of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in normal glucose-tolerant (NGT) Brazilian children and adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 319 individuals (aged 10 to 19y) from a southern Brazilian city. Gender-specific receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves were constructed to assess cutoffs values of BMI (kg/m2, WC (cm), and HR. RESULTS: The […]

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study is to analyze the validity of the prediction equations for the resting metabolic rate (RMR) proposed by Harris and Benedicti (1919), Schofield (1985), WHO/FAO/ UNU (1985), Henry and Rees (1991), Molnár and cols. (1995), Tverskaya and cols. (1998) and Müller and cols. (2004) in adolescent girls (51 girls between 10 and 17 years of age). SUBJECTS AND METHODs: The following anthropometric variables were measured: body weight, stature, body fat mass (absolute and percentage), body […]

OBJETIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between serum levels of vitamin D and blood pressure (BP) in adolescents. METHODS: The anthropometric measurements, body composition, dietary intake, blood pressure and biochemical measurements was undertaken. RESULTS: Two hundred and five adolescents, 106 boys and 99 girls, mean aged 18.2 years old, participate of the study. Elevated BP was observed in 12.19% of the adolescents. Mean 25OHD concentration was 29.2(0.8) ng/mL. Vitamin D insufficiency was observed in 62% […]

Previous research has demonstrated high prevalence of atherosclerotic risk factors in adolescents; however, the associate factors related to its onset are unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to relate inadequate blood pressure levels, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C and triglycerides (TG) with different VO2máx and BMI levels in a sample of 249 adolescents, aged between 12 to 16 years old. For VO2máx prediction, the 20 meters test was used. The BMI was calculated using the body mass/heigh2 equation. […]

It was investigated the association of waist circumference (WC), abdominal circumference (AC), Waist-to-Hip ratio(WHR) and Waist-Height ratio (WHtR) adjusted by body mass index (BMI) and % body fat (BF) with metabolic syndrome components in a probabilistic sample of 610 adolescents aged 12-19 years (222 boys and 388 girls) from public schools of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. Fasting glucose and lipids were assayed using automated enzymatic method and insulin was determined by radioimmuno assay. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure […]

OBJECTIVE: We compared the incidence of severe hypoglycemia episodes with therapy with multiple doses of insulin (MDI) and after changing to pump (CSII). PATIENTS AND METHODS: 7 T1DM patients with 14 years median and median duration of diabetes of 8 years. We analyzed insulin requirement (U/kg/day), BMI (Kg/m2), HbA1c (normal range: 3.5-6.7%) one year before and one year after changing therapy. The severe hypoglycemia episodes decreased from 1.3 to 0 episodes/patient/year; p = 0.00). The insulin requirement decreased from 1.33 […]

Osteoporosis is considered one of the most serious public health diseases and studies show that it is a pediatric disease that manifests during senility. It is usually diagnosed in clinical practice by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This exam has a high cost and it is difficult to apply to a pediatric population because specific equipment and special software are required. This study presents predictive equations to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) among male adolescents. To better predict the equations, […]

This retrospective study assessed 17 DM1 pediatric patients (15.76 ± 4.5 years) submitted to 72h continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) (Medtronic, CA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of CGMS in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and the efficacy of this method to detect unrecognized hypoglycemia in this population. It were analyzed capillary glycemia (CG) and CGMS sensor’s value; glycemic excursions; postprandial hyperglycemia; unrecognized hypoglycemia; complications and therapeutic management after CGMS. A1c […]

Initially used to measure algic symptoms, visual analogue scales (VAS) can also be useful for the evaluation of satiety. The antiobesity agent sibutramine, unlike anorectic agents, decreases food intake mainly by stimulating satiety. To evaluate the effect of sibutramine on satiety, we used a VAS in obese adolescents participating in a double-blind, randomized trial comparing 10mg of sibutramine to placebo. Each patient received 13 scales to be checked at hourly intervals, in a single day, from 9am to 9pm. A […]