Abstract Bonehealth is influenced by a dynamic interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors, with nutrition playing a vital role throughout life. This review consolidates the current evidence on the roles of essential micronutrients, specifically calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K, magnesium, and phosphorus, in skeletal metabolism and integrity. Calcium and vitamin D, the most extensively studied, have been shown to reduce bone loss and fracture risk, particularly in institutionalized individuals or those with deficiencies, while evidence is less consistent in […]

Physical exercise is an important stimulus for osteoporosis prevention and treatment. However, it is not clear yet which modality would be better to stimulate bone metabolism and enhance physical function of postmenopausal women. This review paper aims to summarize and update present knowledge on the effects of different kinds of aquatic and ground physical exercises on bone metabolism and physical function of postmenopausal women. Moderate to intense exercises, performed in a high speed during short intervals of time, in water […]

Dietary calcium (Ca) is fundamental to the bone’s health. Both the purport and the element bioavailability in the food need to be considered. The purpose of this work was to summarize the factors involved in Ca absorption and point out the sources with higher bioavailability. Ca is mostly absorbed in the jejunum and low pH seems to favor its absorption, which is higher during growth, gestation/lactation and Ca and phosphorus (P) deficiency, and lower with aging. The richest and best-absorbed […]