Abstract Objective: To investigate the role of PON1 in diabetic nephropathy and elucidate the underlying mechanisms using a cellular model. Materials and methods: A diabetic nephropathy model was established using high glucose-induced HK-2 cells. Potential target genes and signaling pathways were identified through bioinformatics databases, and PON1 expression was manipulated to interfere with these pathways. The effects of different treatments on cell conditions were systematically evaluated. Results: PON1, the targeted gene in diabetic nephropathy, was significantly downregulated in high glucose-induced […]

Abstract Objective: Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is the most common cancer of the endocrine system. Dysregulation of microRNA-590-5p (miR-590-5p) has been associated with various malignancies. Targeting mitochondrial respiration is beneficial in treating TC. This study aims to evaluate the role of miR-590-5p in the proliferation and apoptosis of TC cells via mediating mitochondrial respiration. Materials and methods: Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze differential expression of miR-590-5p in TC and para-cancerous tissues, normal thyrocytes, and TC […]

The history of ideas on how the sexes became divided spans at least three thousand years. The biblical account of the origin of Eve, and the opinions of the philosophers of classical Greece, have unexpected bearings on present-day ideas. The scientific study of sex determination can be said to have begun in the 17th century with the discovery of spermatozoa, but the origin and function of the “spermatic animalcules” eluded investigators until 1841. The mammalian egg was discovered in 1827, […]