ABSTRACT Diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) is a serious and often under-recognized complication of diabetes that can affect any division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), presenting with a wide range of signs and symptoms. The pathophysiology of DAN involves a complex interplay of hyperglycemia-driven metabolic and vascular pathways, oxidative stress, inflammation, and autonomic imbalance, ultimately leading to progressive nerve dysfunction. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) has emerged as a particularly severe condition, associated with heightened risk of arrhythmia, silent myocardial ischemia, […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate and to compare machine learning models for predicting hypertension in patients with diabetes using routine clinical variables. Methods: Using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, models were trained on 35,346 individuals with seven variables (“HighChol”, “BMI”, “Smoker”, “PhysActivity”, “Sex”, and “Age”) to predict the occurrence of hypertension in patients with diabetes (“HTNinDM”). Models included neural network, gradient boosting, random forest, Adaptive Boosting, and logistic regression. Performance was assessed by area under the curve, accuracy, precision, and […]

Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of protective sensory loss in patients with diabetes mellitus at a university hospital and to identify clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with this condition. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with diabetic patients attending specialized outpatient clinics. Data were collected through patient interviews and medical record reviews, in conjunction with using the monofilament test to assess protective sensory loss in the feet. Statistical analyses included descriptive and exploratory tests, as well as bivariate and […]

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the factors associated with knowledge of diabetic ketoacidosis among individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus and to analyze how sociodemographic, clinical, and healthcare access variables influence understanding of the condition’s prevention and management. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 465 individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus via an online questionnaire. The instrument included sociodemographic and clinical variables and a 13-item test assessing participant’s knowledge of diabetic ketoacidosis. Data analysis employed the Kruskal-Wallis test and the […]

Abstract Objective: To assess whether plasma irisin is associated with anthropometric, body composition, and metabolic parameters according to body mass index. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary referral hospital in Southern Brazil. Patients were divided according to body mass index: Group 1 (body mass index = 18.5 – 29.9 kg/m2; n = 15), Group 2 (body mass index = 30 – 39.9 kg/m2; n = 36), and Group 3 (body mass index ≥ 40 kg/m2; n […]

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the association between diabetic retinopathy, diabetic kidney disease, and the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed involving patients diagnosed with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants were classified into four groups: DM (patients without diabetes-related complications), DR (patients with diabetic retinopathy only), DKD (patients with diabetic kidney disease only), and DR + DKD (patients with both diabetic retinopathy and diabetic kidney […]

ABSTRACT Theaim of this review is to determine the proportion of awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes in the South American region. A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and LILACS databases from January 1, 2014, to March 23, 2024. We included observational, population-based studies that assessed the rates of awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes. The risk of bias was evaluated as proposed by Hoy and cols. A meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model, and […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the association between the rs3844492/ARHGAP22 and rs741301/ELMO1 polymorphisms and diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: The sample consisted of 740 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease (cases) and 303 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but no diabetic kidney disease (controls). The genotyping of the polymorphisms was conducted using real-time polymerase chain reaction with Taqman probes. Results: The frequency of the rs3844492/ARHGAP22 G/G genotype was 16.8% in […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize, via a predictive model using real-world data, patients with diabetes with a heightened probability of hospitalization. Methods: At the Endocrinology Unit of a tertiary public hospital in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, a retrospective cohort study analyzed initial consultations from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017, focusing on 617 patients with diabetes. Within this group, 82.98% (512 patients) did not require hospitalization, while 17.02% (105 patients) were hospitalized at least once. Multiple machine learning algorithms […]

Abstract Objective: To explore the association between diabetes and stress-induced hyperglycemia with skeletal muscle expression of key genes related to glucose transport. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken from the left vastus muscle of critically ill adult patients within 24 hours of intensive care unit admission, and the expression of the genes of interest, namely insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2), solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1), and solute carrier […]

ABSTRACT Objective We examined the accuracy of novel anthropometric indices in predicting the progression of prediabetes to diabetes. Subjects and methods This study was performed on the pre-diabetic sub-population from Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS). Participants were followed up from 2001 to 2013. During every 5-year follow-up survey, patients’ data regarding the incidence and time of incidence of diabetes were recorded. We evaluated the association between the risk of developing diabetes and novel anthropometric indices including: visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid […]

ABSTRACT Objective: Considering the rarity and clinical and molecular diversity of Wolfram syndrome (WS), the objective of this study was to identify patients with a clinical presentation suggestive of WS following up at a single Brazilian diabetes service and analyze their clinical and molecular characteristics. Subjects and methods: The study included all patients with a clinical presentation of WS following up between 1991 and 2022 with early-onset diabetes mellitus and other WS signs and symptoms. A retrospective analysis was conducted, […]