ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutrition Program (BALANCE Program) on the plasma levels of various apolipoproteins (A-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-III, and E) and lipid biomarkers over a three-year follow-up period in individuals undergoing secondary cardiovascular prevention. Subjects and methods: This exploratory analysis included 276 patients aged 45 years or older with a history of cardiovascular disease within the preceding decade. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups and monitored […]

ABSTRACT The Brazilian Dietary Guidelines provide crucial recommendations for a healthy diet, aiming at promoting health and preventing non-communicable chronic diseases. The core principle is the preference for natural or minimally processed foods and freshly prepared dishes over ultra-processed foods. Despite their growing recognition, healthcare professionals struggle to integrate these guidelines into clinical practice. This article aims to present two innovative strategies for incorporating the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines into healthcare. The Protocols based on the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines for Individual […]

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to explore the association between dietary antioxidant index (DAI) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the Iranian population. Subjects and methods: The present cross-sectional study comprised 4,241 participants aged from 35 to 70. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake. The DAI score was determined using Wright’s method, which quantifies the antioxidant content of the diet. Logistic and linear regression analyses were used to determine the link between DAI and T2D […]

ABSTRACT The poor diet quality in line with the rising prevalence of noncommunicable chronic diseases, coupled with the substantial deficit in nutritional education within medical training programs, has precipitated the emergence of Culinary Medicine as an evolving discipline. Culinary Medicine fuses the art of home cooking with the sciences of human nutrition, psychology, gastronomy, and medicine to promote health and well-being. This comprehensive narrative review explores the diverse facets of Culinary Medicine, elucidating its historical evolution, theoretical foundations, educational initiatives […]

ABSTRACT Obesity, a complex disease that involves energy imbalance and chronic low-grade inflammation, is implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic non-communicable diseases. As dietary components modulate the human body’s inflammatory status, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), a literature-derived dietary index, was developed in 2009 to characterize the inflammatory potential of a habitual diet. Abundant research has been conducted to investigate the associations between DII and obesity. In this narrative review, we examined the current state of the science regarding […]

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the effect of sitagliptin treatment in early type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the impact of different macronutrient compositions on hormones and substrates during meal tolerance tests (MTT). Materials and methods: Half of the drug-naive patients with T2DM were randomly assigned for treatment with 100 mg of sitagliptin, q.d., or placebo for 4 weeks and then submitted to 3 consecutive MTT intercalated every 48 h. The MTTs differed in terms of macronutrient composition, with 70% of […]

ABSTRACT Dietary cholesterol is absorbed in proportion to the amount ingested, blocking its hepatic synthesis, increasing its biliary excretion, only slightly increasing production of bile acids while potentially raising the serum concentration of the atherogenic low-density lipoprotein. Humans lie midway between rats and rabbits that respond to dietary cholesterol, respectively, with high and low capacity to produce bile acids, and low or high capacity to raise blood cholesterol. There are regular studies exonerating as well as blaming dietary cholesterol as […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate whether there is a relationship between diet quality and bone health in a group of elderly Brazilian women. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 105 elderly women. Participants were evaluated regarding diet quality (good, needing improvement, and poor) and its relationship with bone mineral density (BMD), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), and C-telopeptide (CTX). Results: Fifty eight participants (55.2%) presented a poor-quality diet and 47 (44.8%) required dietary improvements, while no subjects presented a […]

ABSTRACT Objectives: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an enzyme that has antioxidant potential, which confers a protective effect against the atherosclerotic process. However, studies associating genetics, dietary patterns and PON1 activity in individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are scarce. Thus, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the influence of dietary factors on serum PON1 in CVD patients. Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional, sub-study of the BALANCE Program Trial. All patients aged 45 years or older and had evidence of […]

OBJECTIVE: To describe the food intake of Japanese-Brazilians with and without macrovascular disease (MVD). METHODS: MVD was defined, for 1,165 Japanese-Brazilians, by scores attributed to the health historical, electrocardiogram and ankle-brachial index values. The usual dietary intake was determined using a food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: The MVD prevalence was of 3.2%, being similar among genders. Statistically higher frequencies of individuals with MVD were observed among those of first generation, with age > 60 years, tobacco user, with hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and […]

OBJECTIVE: Interethnic marriage between nikkey Brazilians and non-nikkey Brazilians may favor the westernization of diet. Dietary consumption, clinical data and frequencies of metabolic diseases were compared in a Japanese-Brazilian population, with intraethnic or interethnic marriage. METHODS: T test, Mann-Whitney, chi-square and Person coefficient were used. RESULTS: Among 1009 Japanese-Brazilians there were 18.9% of interethnic marriage, being more frequent among nikkey men. These showed higher means of BMI, waist, blood pressure, glycemia and triglyceridemia than women. Overall frequencies of obesity, hypertrigliceridemia […]

To review and synthesize the available scientific evidence on the relationship between dietary intake and dyslipidemias in HIV-infected patients in combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). A systematic review of literature was carried out. Original and published studies were investigated and two categories of dietary exposure were considered: energy and nutrient intake, and consumption of a test diet. A narrative review of included studies was conducted. The findings were summarized according to category of metabolic outcomes (effect on total cholesterol and LDL-c, […]