ABSTRACT The syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormone beta (RTHβ) is characterized by impaired tissue responsiveness to thyroid hormone and manifests as non-suppressed thyrotropin despite elevated thyroid hormone levels. RTHβ is most often caused by missense mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB) gene and is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Autoimmune thyroid disease is the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism worldwide. Association of RTHβ with autoimmune hypothyroidism is extremely rare. We describe an Indian kindred […]

ABSTRACT Background: A U-shaped relationship exists between maternal urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and the risk of thyroid dysfunction, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and neurological deficits in offspring. Both iodine deficiency and excess should be avoided during pregnancy. The WHO recommends increased iodine intake during pregnancy due to elevated thyroid hormone production and fetal iodine transfer. In countries with universal salt iodization, additional supplementation is generally not advised, although iodization alone may be insufficient. In Brazil, salt iodization has reduced iodine deficiency […]

ABSTRACT Objective Thyroid hormones are known to affect the biosynthesis and degradation of antioxidant compounds, suggesting a possible link between hypothyroidism and oxidative stress. However, there is no clear consensus in the literature regarding this association. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress markers (extracellular thiol-disulfide homeostasis and intracellular glutathione homeostasis) in patients with hypothyroidism due to autoimmune (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis) or nonautoimmune thyroid disease rendered euthyroid after levothyroxine replacement. Subjects and methods The study included 116 patients […]

ABSTRACT Objective Thyroid diseases pose a substantial socioeconomic burden globally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between estradiol-to-testosterone (E2/T) ratio and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity in male patients with hypothyroidism or euthyroidism. Subjects and methods Cross-sectional observational study including 115 male patients with hypothyroidism or euthyroidism. The patients were divided into two groups based on positive or negative TPOAb results, with TPOAb positivity defined by a serum TPOAb value ≥ 35 IU/mL. Results Patients with […]

ABSTRACT Primary hypothyroidism is a common disorder in clinical practice. The management of most cases of hypothyroidism is usually straightforward, but the best approach in some special situations may raise questions among physicians. This position statement was prepared by experts from the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism to guide the management of three special situations, namely, hypothyroidism in the elderly, subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with heart disease, and difficult-to-control hypothyroidism. The authors prepared the present statement after conducting a […]

ABSTRACT This position statement was prepared to guide endocrinologists on the best approach to managing thyroid disorders during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The most frequent thyroid hormonal findings in patients with COVID-19, particularly in individuals with severe disease, are similar to those present in the non-thyroidal illness syndrome and require no intervention. Subacute thyroiditis has also been reported during COVID-19 infection. Diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism during the COVID-19 pandemic may follow usual practice; however, should avoid frequent laboratory […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate incidence of subclinical and overt hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Subjects and methods: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) is a prospective cohort study of 15,105 civil servants, examined at baseline and over a 4-year follow-up. This analysis included 9,705 participants with normal thyroid function at baseline, follow-up information about thyroid function and with no report of using drugs that may interfere in the thyroid function. Thyroid function was defined by TSH/FT4 levels or routine use […]

ABSTRACT Objective: The relationship of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity with breast cancer (BC) continues to be contentious. The primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions and autoimmunity in BC patients, and the secondary aims were to investigate the relationship of thyroid dysfunction with the clinicopathological profile of and therapy received by BC patients. Materials and methods: This was a single-center prospective case-control study (March 2015-May 2017). Women with BC (n = 191), age-matched healthy […]

ABSTRACT Objective Maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy may lead to adverse outcomes. Recently published guidelines by the American Thyroid Association (ATA) do not advocate for universal screening but recommend a case-finding approach in high-risk pregnant women. The present study aims to evaluate the accuracy of this approach in identifying women with thyroid dysfunction during early pregnancy. Subjects and methods This is a multiple-center, cross-sectional study. Three hundred and one pregnant women were enrolled. Anamnesis and a physical examination were performed to […]

ABSTRACT Clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism are the most common hormonal dysfunctions during pregnancy. Insufficient maternal thyroid hormones (THs) in the early stages of pregnancy can lead to severe impairments in the development of the central nervous system because THs are critical to central nervous system development. In the fetus and after birth, THs participate in neurogenic processes, cell differentiation, neuronal activation, axonal growth, dendritic arborization, synaptogenesis and myelination. Although treatment is simple and effective, approximately 30% of pregnant women in […]

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim was to evaluate the quality of life (HRQoL) in women with subclinical hypothyroidism (sHT) after 16 weeks of endurance training. Subjects and methods: In the first phase, a cross-sectional study was conducted in which 22 women with sHT (median age: 41.5 (interquartile range: 175) years, body mass index: 26.2 (8.7) kg/m2, thyroid stimulating hormone > 4.94 mIU/L and free thyroxine between 0.8 and 1.3 ng/dL were compared to a group of 33 euthyroid women concerned to […]

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between thyroid function abnormalities and breast cancer and, in particular, the prognostic markers of breast cancer.. Subjects and methods Baseline levels of thyrotropin, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine and thyroid autoantibodies were measured in 97 women with primary breast cancer, 27 women with benign breast disease, and 4 women with atypical ductal hyperplasia. Their baseline levels were compared with those in 48 healthy women with a normal mammography in […]