ABSTRACT Deleterious effects of free fatty acids, FFAs, on insulin sensitivity are observed in vivo studies in humans. Mechanisms include impaired insulin signaling, oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, but the effects on insulin secretion are less well known. Our aim was to review the relationship of increased FFAs with insulin resistance, secretion and mainly with the incretin effect in humans. Narrative review. Increased endogenous or administered FFAs induce insulin resistance. FFAs effects on insulin secretion are debatable; inhibition and […]

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate if GADA+ and detectable CP had any influence in other autoimmune diseases, glycemic control, and risks of retinopathy in diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) lasting longer than 3 years of duration. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty T1DM subjects were interviewed, performed fundoscopic examination, and measured CP before and after glucagon, HbA1C, and GADA. RESULTS: GADA+ (n = 17) had a higher frequency of other autoimmune diseases when compared to GADA (p = […]

Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) may exhibit some residual insulin secretion for many years after their diagnosis. This has been associated with a more favorable prognosis. OBJECTIVE: To analyze insulin secretion in individuals with T1D using C-peptide (CP) response to glucagon and comparing patients with recent onset (<5 years – Group 1) and long-standing disease (>5 years -Group 2). METHODS: Subjects with T1D had their blood sampled before (fasting) and 6 minutes after glucagon infusion for CP, HbA1c and […]

AIM AND METHODS: Our main aim was to determine the association between clinical, demographical parameters and different insulin resistance and secretion indices in apparently healthy subjects, without previous knowledge of their own level of glucose tolerance. For that purpose, we evaluated 105 individuals from February to August 2003 by means of OGTT, aged 33.4 ± 1.4 years old, 57.1% female. We allocated them in four groups: group 0 (normal): individuals with BMI < 25 Kg/m2 and normal glucose metabolism, group […]

AIM: To evaluate the presence of microalbuminuria in non-diabetic subjects, associating it to the presence of cardiovascular risk factors like hypertension, smoking, dislipidemia and obesity. The urinary albumin excretion rate (UAE) was also evaluated regarding to insulin secretion and resistance indices. DESIGN AND METHODS: 105 subjects aged 33.4 ± 1.4 years (57.1% women), received 75 g dextrose for an OGTT, and the following variables were evaluated for glucose and insulin curves: basal and 2 hours values, peak values (PV) and […]

The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is complex, but it is secondary to a combination of insulin resistance and pancreatic b-cell dysfunction that manifests itself as inadequate insulin secretion in the face of hyperglycemia. Several studies have established a clear genetic predisposition for T2DM. Some genes for monogenic forms of diabetes have been identified (MODY, mitochondrial diabetes). However, few genes were found to be associated with diabetes in the more common forms of T2DM. In these T2DM forms, […]