Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) is an autosomal dominant inherited condition that predisposes to the triad of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), pheochromocytoma (Pheo), and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHT). Nearly 100% of MEN2A are associated with germ line mutation of the RET proto-oncogene (RET), and DNA-based RET genotype analysis is now considered essential for earlier diagnosis. The first manifestation of MEN2A is most often due to MTC, and less frequently to Pheo. Rarely, MEN2A is recognized during the search for PHT […]

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) compromises 3-5% of all thyroid cancers and arises from parafollicular or calcitonin-producing C cells. It may be sporadic (75% of cases), or may occur as a manifestation of either the hereditary syndrome Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2A or MEN 2B) (25% of cases), or rarely as an isolated familial syndrome (FMTC). Complete surgical resection comprising in most cases total thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection at an early stage of the disease is the […]

This 26-years-old male presented with signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism and was submitted to an endocrine evaluation. After 3 mo, the patient developed severe systemic hypertension. There was no family history of hypertension or other diseases. Endocrine hypertension and a rare syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2 were diagnosed. The evaluation disclosed the presence of bilateral pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma and parathyroid adenoma. The early diagnosis led to specific treatment and a favorable evolution in this case. Diagnostic […]

The field of endocrine and cancer genetics has grown remarkably in the past few years. The discovery of genes responsible for inherited forms of cancer has already given us powerful tools for cancer risk assessment, pre-morbid prediction and genetic counseling. The discovery of the susceptibility gene for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) was fundamental in developing the field of clinical cancer genetics. It is hoped that further genetic and functional studies of hereditary cancers, including inherited endocrine neoplasia […]