Abstract Objective: To ascertain the impact of combining sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) with thiazolidinediones on fluid balance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This prospective study followed patients over a 6-month period, with data collected at three time points. The study commenced with the administration of pioglitazone on the same day. At the 3-month mark of the study, SGLT2is (dapagliflozin or empagliflozin) were subsequently integrated into the patients’ treatment regimens. At each time point, bioimpedance spectroscopy was […]

The association of diabetes mellitus with increased fracture risk is well established, and is observed in both diabetes type 1 and type 2, due to multiple causes. Evidence from rodents suggests that thiazolidinediones (TZD), by activation of PPAR-gamma, cause increased bone marrow adiposity, with decreased osteoblastogenesis resulting in bone loss. Initial studies in humans evidence higher fracture risk in the population using these drugs, in comparison with other oral antidiabetic medications. TZD are largely prescribed for the treatment of type […]

Knowledge about the influence of bone on intermediary metabolism corresponds to a developing area that has gained prominence. The old concept of bone and adipose tissues as inert metabolic tissues, with minor contributions to metabolic adaptations has been reconsidered in light of findings that bone is involved in the development of insulin sensitivity. Similarly adipose tissue exerts important influences on bone mass development and maintenance. Moreover, the use of drugs in the treatment of metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus […]