original articles April 01, 2015 April 01, 2015

Association between antiretrovirals and thyroid diseases: a cross-sectional study

DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000023

Objective

This study aims to estimate the prevalence of thyroid diseases and anti-TPO status. We searched for an association among presence of immune reconstitution and use of stavudine, didanosine and protease inhibitors with thyroid diseases.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was performed to analyze the records of 117 HIV-infected patients who had their CD4⁺ cell count, viral load, anti-TPO, TSH and free T₄ levels collected on the same day. Immune reconstitution was considered in those whose T CD4⁺ count was below 200 cells/mm³, but these values increased above 200 cells/mm³ after the use of antiretrovirals. The odds ratio obtained by a 2×2 contingency table and a chi-square test were used to measure the association between categorical variables.

Results

The prevalence of thyroid disease was 34.18%; of these, 4.34% were positive for anti-TPO. There was an association of risk between stavudine use and subclinical hypothyroidism (OR = 4.19, 95% CI: 1.29 to 13.59, X² = 6.37, p = 0.01). Immune reconstitution achieved protection associated with thyroid disease that was near statistical significance OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.19 to 1.04, X² = 3.55, p = 0.059.

Conclusion

The prevalence of thyroid disease in the sample studied was higher than what had been found in the literature, with a low positive anti-TPO frequency. The historical use of stavudine has an association of risk for the presence of subclinical hypothyroidism, and immune reconstitution has trends towards protection for the presence of thyroid diseases.