Abstract VitaminD deficiency is a global concern, and calcifediol serves as an alternative to cholecalciferol for achieving and maintaining optimal vitamin D levels, despite the lack of international guidelines for calcifediol supplementation regimens. We present a case involving a 58-year-old patient with osteoporosis and a medical history of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cirrhosis. Standard treatment with calcium, cholecalciferol, and bisphosphonate was initiated; however, supplementation failed to achieve the target vitamin D levels during follow-up. Subsequently, calcifediol was introduced at […]

Abstract Objective: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) do not encode proteins and are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides. The precise involvement of lncRNAs in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) pathogenesis remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the expressions of five lncRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of individuals with T1DM and without DM. Materials and methods: This study comprised 27 patients with T1DM (cases) and 13 individuals without DM (controls). The case group was divided into two subgroups based […]

ABSTRACT Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become transformative therapies, significantly enhancing survival outcomes for various neoplasms. However, they often trigger immune-related adverse events, including endocrinopathies. Cushing’s syndrome, characterized by exposure to elevated levels of circulating cortisol, presents a wide range of clinical features and is closely associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This article reports on a case of a patient under checkpoint inhibitor therapy, who developed cyclic adrenocorticotropic hormone-dependent hypercortisolism. The patient exhibited a Cushingoid phenotype, and testing revealed increased […]

ABSTRACT Objective: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a worldwide public health challenge with a prevalence of around 25%, is strongly related to obesity and insulin resistance. The present study investigated the possible association between MASLD and the leptin gene (LEP) -2548G>A (rs7799039) polymorphism. Subjects and methods: A total of 250 subjects (125 biopsy-proven MASLD patients and 125 controls) were genotyped for the -2548G>A promoter variant using the PCR-RFLP technique. Results: There was no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for LEP […]

ABSTRACT Objective: Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) refers to people whose gender identity does not correspond to the sex assigned to them at birth. This study evaluated the knowledge of medical residents at a tertiary hospital in northeastern Brazil regarding healthcare for the TGD population. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional, single-center observational study surveyed medical residents at a tertiary hospital in northeastern Brazil in 2023. It utilized a self-developed online questionnaire, which residents completed voluntarily and anonymously. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analyses, […]

ABSTRACT Objective: Obesity prevalence is increasing in Brazil. Real-world observational data were used to understand clinical weight management practice, and the economic and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) impact of obesity. Materials and methods: Data were derived from the Adelphi Real World Obesity Disease Specific Programme (DSP)™, a cross-sectional survey of people with obesity (PwO) and treating physicians, conducted in Brazil May-October 2022. Physicians reported demographic/clinical characteristics and current/previous weight management. PwO reported emotional/financial impact of obesity, and completed patient-reported outcomes on […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate cyclical and seasonal variation in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) from 1985 to 2016 in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Subjects and methods: This was a retrospective longitudinal study. Clinical data were collected for individuals known to have T1DM, who aged from 0-14 years, residing in Bauru, São Paulo State, and followed at a local endocrinology clinic from 1985 to 2016. Incidence rates were calculated annually and grouped into quadrennial intervals. Trends were analyzed […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies with early versus late gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis, considering healthcare access in a low- to middle-income area of Brazil. Subjects and methods: This retrospective study included women diagnosed with either early GDM (diagnosed before 20 weeks, based on fasting plasma glucose) or late GDM (diagnosed by 24-28 weeks, via oral glucose tolerance test), according to the IADPSG criteria, who received prenatal care at a hospital in southern Brazil. Maternal […]

ABSTRACT Objective: Dyslipidemia is a common cardiovascular risk factor, with ongoing debate over whether lipid profile assessment, with or without fasting, affects the accuracy of cardiovascular risk evaluation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of fasting status on lipid profile values and the prevalence of dyslipidemia. Subjects and methods: A total of 269 adults (20-69 years) from Vitória-ES (Brazil) were included. Two blood samples were collected on the same day: one in the morning after a […]

ABSTRACT Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia or hyposmia, stemming from the defective migration of GnRH and olfactory neurons during embryogenesis. This study investigated a multigenerational family with KS, identifying novel mutations in the ANOS1 (c.78_108del, X-linked) and GNRHR (c.974del, autosomal recessive) genes through genetic testing. Affected males carrying the ANOS1 mutations displayed a range of phenotypes, all of which were associated with hypogonadism and varying degrees of anosmia. Furthermore, isolated mutations […]

Abstract Objective: This study assessed the effects of bariatric surgery on the anthropometric profile and cardiometabolic outcomes of women aged 28-66. Additionally, it compared data from patients under and over 50 years old who underwent bariatric surgery at a reference hospital between 2010 and 2018. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study analyzed the medical records of female patients aged 28-66 years at a weight control program who underwent bariatric surgery at a reference hospital over a period of 8 […]

Abstract Objective: Extranodal extension (ENE) is acknowledged as a significant prognostic factor associated with recurrence, distant metastasis, and reduced disease-specific survival in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. However, the impact of the extent of extranodal extension on the clinical outcomes of these patients remains insufficiently understood. This study aimed to estimate the risk of detecting distant metastasis in patients with varying degrees of ENE according to a novel stratification method. Materials and methods: This retrospective study utilizes medical records and […]

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the real-life efficacy of BRAF and MEK inhibitors in patients with advanced thyroid cancer. Subjects and methods: This retrospective study evaluated the clinical efficacy of either a BRAF inhibitor (dabrafenib) alone or a BRAF inhibitor (dabrafenib) in combination with a MEK inhibitor (trametinib) in the treatment of 10 patients diagnosed with metastatic BRAF-mutant RAI refractory thyroid cancer. The primary endpoint was the investigator-assessed overall response rate (ORR). Results: The median […]

Abstract Objective: Graves’ disease (GD), an autoimmune disorder causing hyperthyroidism, is often diagnosed using 99mTc scintigraphy. While increased thyroidal 99mTc uptake with homogenous distribution is typical, atypical patterns (normal or heterogeneous) occur. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of these atypical uptake patterns in GD. Subjects and methods: Re-trospective records review identified 238 GD patients diagnosed between January 2022 and December 2024. Normal 99mTc uptake (0.4%-3%) and heterogeneous distribution patterns were defined based on scintigraphy. Relevant clinical and biochemical […]

ABSTRACT Objective: The relationship between liver health and glycaemic control in elderly patients with diabetes remains poorly understood. In this study, the value of liver elastography in identifying associations with poor glycaemic control among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was investigated. Subjects and methods: In total, 90 elderly patients (aged ≥ 60 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this prospective observational study. All participants underwent liver elastography using FibroScan® and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Liver […]

ABSTRACT Objective: It is well established that serum levels of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) rise after radioiodine (131I) therapy for Graves’ disease (GD). However, it remains unclear whether these post-therapy autoantibodies are predominantly TSH receptorstimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) and how their persistence might affect treatment outcomes. Subjects and methods: In this prospective study, 39 patients with GD underwent 131I therapy. Serum TRAb (measured by competitive electrochemiluminescence, ECLIA) and TSI (measured by an IMMULITE® 2000/2000 XPi TSI assay) were evaluated at baseline […]

ABSTRACT Measurement of serum prolactin levels is a common practice in clinical settings, particularly among women of reproductive age. In cases of hyperprolactinemia, identifying macroprolactinemia can help prevent unnecessary investigation and inappropriate treatments. This Position Statement, jointly prepared by the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM) and the Brazilian Society of Clinical Pathology/Laboratory Medicine (SBPC/ML), addresses several aspects of macroprolactinemia relevant to clinical practice – including concepts, definitions, epidemiological aspects, measurement techniques, and the role of screening – and […]

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate and to compare machine learning models for predicting hypertension in patients with diabetes using routine clinical variables. Methods: Using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, models were trained on 35,346 individuals with seven variables (“HighChol”, “BMI”, “Smoker”, “PhysActivity”, “Sex”, and “Age”) to predict the occurrence of hypertension in patients with diabetes (“HTNinDM”). Models included neural network, gradient boosting, random forest, Adaptive Boosting, and logistic regression. Performance was assessed by area under the curve, accuracy, precision, and […]

ABSTRACT Objective: Genetic abnormalities in ion channels that regulate the depolarization of adrenal glomerular cell plasma membranes have been identified as a cause of primary aldosteronism (PA) due to aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). This study aimed to evaluate somatic variants in the KCNJ5, CACNA1D, CLCN2, ATP1A1, ATP2B3, GNAQ, GNA11, and CTNNB1 genes, assess the genotype-phenotype correlation, and analyze the outcomes in patients with APA from a heterogenic ethnic population. Subjects and methods: Clinical, biochemical, and molecular data were obtained from 32 […]

Dear Editor, Falcone and cols., in a recent article published in Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism (v.69()), titled Double pituitary adenoma associated with acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia: a case report, described a double adenoma in a patient in which surgery led to remission of the disease (). In their conclusions, they emphasized the necessity of careful evaluation of the double lesions to obtain optimal surgical outcomes. This recommendation has also been cited in recently published reviews (,). The motivation for writing […]

ABSTRACT Thermal ablation (TA) encompasses various options such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), laser ablation (LA), and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). The fundamental principle of these techniques involves generating heat to induce coagulative necrosis of the nodules. The rising incidence of thyroid nodules, most of which are benign, has highlighted the importance of minimally invasive methods that effectively control symptoms, address cosmetic concerns, and achieve volume reduction. The potential complications associated with surgical interventions have driven the widespread […]

Dear Editor, I carefully reviewed the authors’ systematic review and meta-analysis on clomiphene/enclomiphene (SERMs) for functional male hypogonadism (). The work provides valuable pooled evidence for fertility-preserving scenarios. However, several issues merit discussion. […]

1. CLINICAL HETEROGENEITY AND TARGET POPULATION We acknowledge that the included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involved patients with differing metabolic phenotypes and baseline testosterone levels. To address this, our protocol prespecified inclusion only of adults with functional or secondary hypogonadism (total testosterone ≤ 300 ng/dL) and excluded primary forms (). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore sources of variability, revealing that age and body mass index (BMI) partially explained the heterogeneity of testosterone response. Despite differences in study […]